by Sigma (σ) and Pi (π) Bond
Covalent Bond The bond which is formed by mutual sharing of electrons is called a covalent bond.
Type: 1.Sigma Bond
2. Pi bond
Both Sigma and pi bonds are formed by overlapping of the s and p orbital.
The shape of s orbital: It is of a spherical shape.
The spherical shape of S orbital
Nodes between S orbital with Principal quantum number
P orbital: It is of dumbbell shape
P orbital
Sigma Bond
This is covalent which is formed by axial overlapping of S-S, S-P, and P-P orbital.
s- s
overlapping Eg. In hydrogen, this type of overlapping takes place to form a sigma bond.
S-p overlapping
e.g. methane
s-p overlapping and p-p overlapping
e.g ethane
Pi (π) bond: It is the covalent bond which is formed in sided ways overlapping of p- p orbital.It is present in a compound containing a double or triple bond
e.g a) Ethene
b) ethyne
c) Benzene ( orbital picture)
